Allyl acetal derivative of 1-halo-3-mercapto-2-propanol

ABSTRACT

COMPOUNDS OF THE STRUCTURE R(SCH2CHOHCH2X)N WHEN N=1 TO 4 AND R IS HYDROCARBON, ETHER, ESTER, ACETAL, HYDROXY ALIPHATIC, HYDROXY AROMATIC, IMIDE OR AMIDE GROUP OR HALOGENATED DERIVATIVES THEREOF ARE PREPARED BY REACTING 1-HALO-3-MERCAPTO-2-PROPANOL WITH AN ALIPHATICALLY UNSATURATED COMPOUND USING FREE RADICAL INITIATORS AS CATALYSTS. THE COMPOUNDS IN WHICH R IS AN UNSATURATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON GROUP OF 2 TO 24 CARBON ATOMS, OR AN UNSATURATED CYCLOALIPHATIC GROUP, AND THOSE IN WHICH THE ALIPHATIC OR CYCLOALIPHATIC GROUP IS CONNECTED TO TWO OR MORE -S-CH2CHOHCHCL GROUPS, AND COMPOUNDS WHERE R IS AN ALKYLENE SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC GROUP AND HYDROXY, THIOALKYL, ALKOXY, ARYLOXY, ESTER, CARBAMIDOALKYL AND SULFAMIDOALKYL, HAOGENATED DERIVATIVES OF SAID GROUPS ARE NEW COMPOUNDS. THE THIOETHER HALOHYDRINS CAN BE CONVERTED TO EPOXIDES. THE PROCESS UTILIZING A RADIOACTIVE ENERGY SOURCE AS A CATALYST IS NEW.

United States Patent 3,708,543 ALLYL ACETAL DERIVATIVE OF 1-HALO-3- MERCAPTO-Z-PROPANOL Richard A. Hickner and Corwin J. Bredeweg, Midland, Mich., assignors to The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich.

No Drawing. Original application Oct. 3, 1968, Ser. No. 764,956. Divided and this application Aug. 9, 1971, Scr. No. 170,300

Int. Cl. C07c 149/18 US. Cl. 260-609 R 9 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Compounds of the structure R(SCH CHOHCH X) when n=l to 4 and R is a hydrocarbon, ether, ester,

, acetal, hydroxy aliphatic, hydroxy aromatic, imide or amide group or halogenated derivatives thereof are prepared by reacting l-halo-3-mercapto-2-propanol with an aliphatically unsaturated compound using free radical initiators as catalysts. The compounds in which R is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 2 to 24 carbon atoms, or an unsaturated cycloaliphatic group, and those in which the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group is connected to two or more SCH CHOHCHCl groups, and compounds where R is an alkylene substituted aromatic group and hydroxy, thioalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, ester, carbamidoalkyl and sulfamidoalkyl, halogenated derivatives of said groups are new compounds. The thioether halohydrins can be converted to epoxides. The process utilizing a radioactive energy source as a catalyst 1s new.

This application is a division of our prior application Ser. No. 764,956, filed Oct. 3, 1968, for New Halohydrin Thioethers and Method of Preparation, now abandoned.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to novel thioethers having vicinal -OH and halogen groups and to methods of manufacture of halohydrin thioethers by reacting a halohydroxy thiol with a compound having alicyclic or aliphatic carbon-to-carbon unsaturation. More particularly, the invention pertains to methods of making thioethers of the structure R(SCH CHOHCH X),,, where R is a hydrocarbon, ether, ester, acetal, alcohol, imide or amide group or a halogenated derivative thereof, n is an integer of l to 4 inclusive and X is chlorine or bromine, and to certain novel compounds of the above generic structure. The thioethers are prepared by reacting 1-halo-3-mercaptopropanol-2 with a compound having aliphatic carbon to carbon unsaturation in the presence of a free radical initiating catalyst. The reaction is effective with monoolefinic compounds, which form derivatives with a single -S-CH CHOHCH X group and polyolefinic compounds, to form derivatives with a plurality of -SCH CHOHCH X groups and with acetylenic compounds where one to two -SCH CHOHCH X idine chloride homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl and vinylidene chlorides with other monoolefinically unsaturated monomers. For stabilizing the vinyl and vinylidene chloride-containing homopolymers or copolymers, concentrations of 1 to about 5% by weight of the epoxide based on the weight of the polymers is usually sutficient. The epoxides are also useful for treating textiles having active H atoms, such as cellulose, to provide improved crease resistance.

The prior art processes for preparing halohydrin thioethers used Lewis acids, such as zinc chloride, to catalyze the reaction between an epihalohydrin and a mercaptan. These catalysts also effect polymerization of the epihalohydrins, which resulted in poor yields of desired deriva tives and made separation of desired compounds quite diflicult. Other processes known to the art all require a mercaptan as a starting material. Many of the mercaptans are not readily accessible.

It has now been found that a wide variety of new and useful halohydrin thioethers can be prepared simply and in good yields, without undue by-product formation. Another advantage is that one small class of halomercaptopropanols can be reacted with a very wide variety of readily available alicyclically or aliphatically unsaturated compounds to form halohydrin thioethers.

Another advantage is that it is possible to form compounds having a multiplicity of -$CH CHOHCH X side groups.

A further advantage is that when radiation catalysis is employed, no extraneous ingredients are added to the reaction mixture.

The sulfur atom of the RSCH CHOHCH X compounds is always attached to an aliphatic group of at least 2 C atoms, or to a saturated cycloaliphatic ring. Thus, R in the generic structure represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of from 2 to 18 C atoms, an alkoxyalkyl, a polyoxypolyalkenyl, alkylcarboxy, alkylcarboxyethyl, an alkenyl, an alkylcarbamidoalkyl, a hydroxyalkyl, an aralkyl, aralkoxy, aroxyalkyl, arylcarboxyalkyl, arylcarbamidoalkyl, al-kylcarbimidoalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyaroxyalkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclohexylalkyl and bridged polynuclear terpene residue, halogen substituted derivatives of said groups and a tetrahydrofurfuryl or pyrrolidinyl nucleus.

Compounds in which R is alkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, alkylcarboxy, alkoxyalkyl, polyoxypolyalkenyl, alkylcarboxyalkyl, alkylcarbamidoalkyl, alkylcarbimidoalkyl, and all the aromatic ring containing groups represent new compounds of this invention.

Both olefinic and acetylenic groups react with the 1-halo-3-mercapto-2-propanols to form monoadducts with monoolefins, mono and diadducts with acetylenic linkage and mono and polyadducts with polyolefinically unsaturated compounds.

Although the invention is exemplified by reactions of relatively pure compounds, it is to be understood that mixtures of olefinically and/or acetylenically unsaturated compounds can be reacted with the halomercaptopropanol to form a mixture of adducts.

The reaction can be effected at any temperature where the individual reactants are liquid. In cases where one reactant is gaseous at room temperature, the reaction can be carried out under sufiicient pressure to liquify the gaseous ingredient or at a temperature low enough to liquify the gas. In certain instances, it may be most desirable to carry out the reaction in a common solvent which is nonreactive with either the unsaturated compound or the halomercaptopropanol and which has a low freezing temperature. A common solvent of the above-described type may also be desirable with some unsaturated compounds which are solid at reaction temperature. Typical solvents are the lower alkanols of from 1 to about 6 C atoms, liquid alkanes and hydrocarbons having only aromatic unsaturation and halogenated derivatives of such hydrocarbons.

The reaction can be carried out at temperatures ranging from about 50 C. to about 150 C. The reaction rate, however, is usually sufliciently satisfactory at 25 to 80 C. and therefore the range is preferred.

The free radical initiators that can be employed include azo compounds, examples of which are azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisobutyric acid, carboxylic acid peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, ring halogenated derivatives thereof, caprylyl peroxide, other organic peroxides such as ditertiary butyl peroxide t-butylhydroperoxide, ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation. The preferred free radical initiators are ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation given off by radioactive isotopes, and combinations of ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation, for the reason that they induce little polymerization and do not add any extraneous materials which may have an effect on subsequent separation of ingredients.

The reaction between the unsaturated compounds and the 1-halo-3-mercapto-2-propanol can be shown generally as free radical initiator R--CH2=CH2 X'CH2 CHOHCH2SH where R, X and n are the same as defined above. It is to be understood that the olefinic group of the reactant need not be terminal, although the latter are considerably more reactive, in general, than internal olefinic groups.

The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention, but not limit it. All parts are by weight unless otherwise specifically indicated.

DETAILS OF DISCLOSURE Hydrocarbon derivatives aliphatic Example 1 A 600 ml. beaker fitted with a magnetic stirrer and immersed in a water bath through which cooling water was circulated, was charged with 0.5 mole of 1-chloro-3-mercapto-2-propanol and 0.5 mole of octene-l was added dropwise. The beaker was irradiated with an UA-2 ultraviolet ray lamp. The temperature was maintained at about 20-30 for 1 hour. At the beginning of the reaction period, two immiscible layers were apparent. However, after about 1-5% of the olefin reacted with the 1-chloro-3-mercapto-2-propanol, the mixture became completely miscible.

The mixture was then separated by distillation. The fraction boiling at 118-119 C. at 0.1 mm. Hg was found to be C H S-CH -CH OHCH CL It had a refractive index at 25 C. of 1.4828. On analysis it was found to contain 56.48% C, 10.08% H and 13.69% C1. The yield based on the olefin was substantially quantitative.

Examples 2-4 The procedure disclosed in Example 1 was followed with decene-l, hexane-2, and pentene-Z as representative monoolefins which can be reacted to form a derivative having the formula RSCH CHOHCH Cl, where R represents the hydrocarbon group derived from the olefin. Tabulated below are the reaction conditions and results obtained.

TABLE I Moles ot- Hours U.V. Per- B.P., Experi- Oleexpocent C./0. ment Olefin MP fin sure yield mm. no

Nora-0M1 1chloro-3-mercap to-2-pr0panol.

These data show that good yields of the adduct can be obtained with olefins having terminal or nonterminal unsaturation. With some olefins having non-terminal unsaturation, it is necessary to carry on the reaction for a longer time than with terminal olefins. However, pentene-2 reacted about as fast as a terminal olefin.

The alkene which can be reacted with the chloromercaptopropanol can contain from 2 to about 24 carbon atoms.

With alkadienes, usually a mixture of monoand disadduct is formed, although the diadduct can be formed to the substantial exclusion of monoadduct if an excess of halomercaptopropanol is employed for fairly long reaction periods. Best yields of mono-adduct are obtained by using an excess of diolefin and slow addition of the 1- chloro-3-mercapto-propanol-2 to the diolefin. In some instances, it is desirable to employ a common inert solvent for the dicne and chloromercapto propanol to assure that a single phase is present during the entire reaction period.

Example 5 An 800-ml. beaker cooled with external cooling coils was charged with 1.5 moles of 1,5-hexadiene and 35 g. of isopropyl alcohol. The mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer and irradiated with a UA-2 ultraviolet lamp while adding 1.5 moles of 1-chloro-3-mercapto-2- propanol over a period of 3.75 hours. The mixture was thereafter irradiated for 3.5 additional hours, using a C0 source. The mono-adduct was flash distilled from the mixture at a temperature of about -105 C. at 0.1 mm. and then redistilled through a fractionating column at 97 C. and .1 mm. pressure. The colorless liquid weighed 69 g. The residue from the flash distillation was diadduct. When this reaction was repeated with a ratio of 4 moles of the chloromercaptopropane with 1 mole of the diene and a reaction time of 7 hours, a 74% conversion of the dicne to the diadduct, which had the structure ClCH CHOHCH S-(CH SCH CHOHCH Cl was obtained.

Example 6 The procedure of Example 5 was repeated using 1 mole of 1,7-octadiene and 1 mole of 1-chloro-3-mercapto-2- propanol. The mono-adduct after flash distillation and redistillation through a fractionating column weighed 70.2

Repeating this run with 2 moles of chloromercaptopropanol with one mole of 1,7-octadiene and a reaction time of three hours resulted in a 97% yield and 84% conversion of the diene to the diadduct.

Example 7 A mixture of 1-chloro-3-mercapto-2-propanol and butadiene in a molar ratio of 2 to 1 was exposed to ultraviolet light for hour at a temperature of -5 to '-20 C. The yield of 1,4 monoadduct was 35%. It had a RP. at 0.2 mm. of 71-73 and a refractive index of 1.5169.

In order to obtain best yields with gaseous olefins, it is preferred to add the olefin to the chloromercaptopropanol under sufi'icient pressure to maintain the olefin in a liquid state at a temperature of about 1030 C.

The monoadducts of the dienes can be used as cornonomers with alkadienes or polymerizable monoolefinic compounds to provide copolymers having very reactive side chains.

Alkenecyclohexenes and 25.2 grams (0.2 mole) of 1-chloro-3- mercapto-Z- propanol in an externally cooled beaker to mai tain the temperature at 20-25 C., was irradiated for 5.5 hours with a UA-2 ultraviolet lamp. Stirring was continued during the irradiation period. Flash distillation of the reacted mixture yielded 24.3 g. of monoadduct boiling at 132-144 C. at 0.1 to .15 mm. pressure. The refractive index was 1.5302. Analysis of the monoadduct fraction by nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the product was about a 3 to 1 mixture of and CH2=CH ClHzC CHQOHCHT S H Analysis of the mixture showed that it contained 56.5% C and 15.28% Cl. The calculated values for the monoadduct are C 56.27% and Cl 15.10%.

The residue in the distillation vessel weighed 13.5 g. It was the diadduct The reaction of 4-vinyl cyclohexene appears to begin immediately upon commingling the ingredients, so that catalysis is not essential if some additional time is allowed for the reaction to proceed.

In one run where a molar ratio of 3 chloromercaptopropanol per one of diene was used without a catalyst for 24 hours, a mixture resulted which contained 53% of the monoadduct and 47% of the diadduct.

The reaction of 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohcxane with the chlorornercaptopropanol in a molar ratio of 1 to 2, respectively, produces a mixture of the triadduct, monoadduct, and isomeric diadducts.

In another example, 202 g. (1.6 moles) of l-mercapto- 3-chloro-2-propanol was charged to a 500 ml. three neck flask fitted with stirrer, condenser, nitrogen sparge and dropping funnel. A solution of 1.31 g. (0.008 mole) of azobisisobutyronitrile in 65 g. (0.4 mole) of 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane was added to the mercaptan at 70 during three hours. After heating for two hours longer, an additional 1.31 g. of catalyst was added, and heatnig continued for an additional seven hours. The crude product was charged to a flash still and 81 g. of unreacted mercaptan removed by heating to 120 at 0.5 mm. The net weight of the product was 180 g. corresponding to 0.91 mole of mercaptan reacted or an average of 2.3 double bonds reacted.

Cycloalkenes Example 9 A mixture of a 2:1 molar ratio of chloromercaptopropanol to cyclopentadiene was exposed to ultraviolet light for two hours at room temperature. About 26% of the diene reacted to form the monoadduct and 141% formed the diadduct.

Example 10 The reaction of 1-chloro-3-mercapto-2-propanol with dicyclopentadiene in a molar ratio of 2.2 to 1, respectively, for 2 /2 'hours at approximately room temperature with UV irradiation resulted in complete conversion of the olefin. About 58% was the diadduct and 42% was monoadduct. The monoadduct boiled at 137-144" at 0.1 mm., n 1.5556 while the diadduct remained as a pot residue.

Example 11 A mixture of 1,5-cyclooctadiene and 1-chl0ro-3-mercapto-2-propanol in a molar ratio of l to 2.4, respectively, was exposed to ultraviolet radiation for five hours at approximately room temperature. It was found that about 92% of the diene was reacted and the conversion to the monoadduct was The exact structure of the diadduct formed was not determined, since two positional isomers each could exist as cis-trans pairs.

By substituting 1,3-cyclooctadiene for the 1,5 isomer and using an irradiation period of 14 /2 hours, a 91% yield with a 76% conversion to monoadduct was obtained. The 1,2- and 1,4-monoadducts were obtained as well as a diadductof unidentified structure.

The monoadducts of the cyclic dienes can be employed in the same manner as the monoadducts of the alkadienes.

Terpene and bicycloalkene derivatives Example 12 Terpene hydrocarbons and bicycloalkenes also react with 1-chloro-3-mercapto-2-propanol to form adducts. Tabulated below are results obtained with certain representative bicycloalkenes or terpene compounds. In all cases, the runs were made at about room temperature.

The monoadduct from S-methylene-2-norbornylene may be either unsaturated or a saturated nortricyclene derivative. The unsaturated product is a mixture of the structure -CH2SCH2CHOHCH2 Cl and ClCHzOHOHCHaS CH1 while the nortricyclene structure is probablly OH CH SCH JJHCH Cl In place of the naturally occurring dl-dipentene one may also use the pure d-isomer, d-limonene. Either of these substances can form a monoadduct of the structure H CH CHzS CHZCHOHCHZCI 2,2,1-bicycloheptadiene is capable of forming two monoadducts. The structure of these is shown by nuclear magnetic spectroscopy to be a mixture of SCHzCHOHCH2Cl and SCHzCHOHCHgCl The latter isomer is favored by a low mercaptan to olefin ratio while the former isomer is favored by a high mercaptan to olefin ratio. Since at high mercaptan to olefin ratios diadduct may be formed, to obtain maximum yields of the unsaturated monoadduct, the reaction must be stopped at low conversion.

Other terpenes reacted with obtainment of good yields of adduct:

Terpene Product Formed CHa Alpha. pinene s-orr. CH H CH2 01 Q) CHzSCHZCHOI-ICHZCI Beta pinene h,

CH3 A Carene ClCHzCHOHCHzS Other terpenes which can be reacted include camphene, subinene, d-fenchene, ,B-fenchene, and ,B-phellandrene.

Aromatic substituted olefins Example 13 Typical aromatic substituted monoolefins used to exemplify the invention are styrene, alpha methyl styrene and p-ethyl styrene. It is understood that the aromatic portion of the molecule can contain any other substituents which are non-reactive with the halomercapto propanol. Representative substituents are halogen, alkyl, carboxy, ester, sulfone, cyano, nitro and tertiary amino groups. The aromatic group can be mono or polycyclic and the latter can be fused or non-fused.

The procedure employed for reacting alpha-methylstyrene was to permit the mixture of reactants to stand for two weeks at room temperature before work-up. All other mixtures were exposed to ultraviolet light for short periods of time.

TABLE III Mole Hours ratio U.V. OMP/ expo- Percent B.P., C. Olefin olefin sure yield per mm. nn

Styrene 2:1 3% 85 140/0. 1 1. 6640 a-Me. styrene 2:1 65 1326/0. 1 1.5571

where R is phenyl, chloro, or cyano and n is an integer up to above five. Formation of 1:1 adduct is favored by high mercaptan to olefin ratios, while telomerization is favored by low mercaptan to olefin ratios.

Example 14 Polyolefinically substituted aromatic compounds can be also reacted to form derivatives in which part or all 8 of the olefinic substituents are saturated. Thus, if it is desired to retain any degree of unsaturation in the adduct, the amount of halomercapto propanol added is adjusted to less than the stoichiometric amount needed to saturate the olefinic substituents on the aromatic rings.

If saturation of the olefinic bonds is desired, it is preferred to employ an appreciable excess over that stoichiometrically required, because the addition reaction does not always go to completion with merely molar equivalents of olefinic unsaturation and the halo-mercapto alcohol.

In general, the polyadducts are high boiling materials which are difiicult to distill. However, flash distillation is effective for removing any unreacted halo-mercapto propanol and in many instances, the monoadduct.

If unsaturation remains on the aromatic compound, typical examples of which are allyl or isopropenyl groups, the adduct can be homopolymerized or copolymerized with other unsaturated compounds by known techniques. Alternatively, the halohydrin group of the adduct can be converted to an epoxide. The epoxide can be homoor copolymerized. Homopolyrners and copolymers obtained from the adducts have reactive OH and halogen groups in the side chains which can be used for crosslinking purposes and for the formation of derivatives.

Listed below are representative polyolefinically-substituted aromatic compounds which can be reacted to form adducts with 1-mercapto-3-halo-2-propanol. In the first four runs, Co was the irradiation source, and in Run 5, an ultraviolet light source was employed as the catalyst. The first run was exposed to 5 megarads of Co radiation and Runs 2-4 each was subjected to 3 megarads. The mixtures which were exposed to Co were placed in a citrate bottle, the air was replaced with nitrogen and the bottles were capped before irradiation. Run 5 was run at room temperature in a beaker.

No'rE.CMP=1 chloro-3-mercapto-2-propanol.

Yields of the above adducts are generally above In Run 5, only two equivalents of mercaptan were used for four equivalents of unsaturation, so the product will contain, on an average, two sites of unsaturation.

When p-divinyl benzene was added to a 2 mol ratio quantity of chloromercaptopropanol over a period of 20 minutes and irradiated for 5 hours with ultraviolet light, a mixture of compounds was obtained, including one or more telomers having more than 1 divinyl benzene unit for each two chlorohydrin groups. The actual structure of the telomers was not determined. The data showed that about of the chloromercaptopropanol reacted. In two additional runs 132 g. of the divinyl benzene were reacted, respectively, wtih 126.5 g. and 190 g. of chloromercaptopropanol. In each case the conversion of olefin was complete. In the former case the chloromercaptopropanol was all converted, while in the latter case only a small amount was unreacted.

Diisopropenyl benzene reacts with chloromercaptopropanol in a manner similar to divinyl benzene. The example 0.3 mole of m-diisopropenyl benzene was reacted with 0.6 mole of the chloromercaptopropanol thereaction was carried out in ml. propanol at a temperature of 60 C. for 50 hours without catalyst.

Other polyolefinically unsaturated aromatic compounds which readily undergo addition of halomercapto propanol are:

where n=1 to 4 CH;CH=CH2 Any compound having the structure CH CHCH Ar( OCH CH=CH x when n=-2 and x=1-3 and Ar is aromatic, haloaromatic or aralkyl can be used.

Unsaturated aliphatic alcohol and ether derivatives Example 15 Run 1.--To one mole of 1-mercapto-3-chloro-2-propanol one mole of allyl alcohol was added over a period of about an hour. The mixture was stirred and exposed to ultraviolet light during this time. Irradiation and stir ring was continued for an additional ten hours. The crude product was charged to a flash still and unreacted ingredients were removed at C. and .2 mm. pressure. The residue contained 18.9% Cl and 18.7% S. It had the structure ClCH CHOHCH S(CH CH OH.

Run 2.--A solution containing .25 mol l-hexene-3-ol and .25 mol of l-mercapto 3 chloro 2 propanol in 100 ml. isopropanol was subjected to 3.6 megarads of radiation from a C0 source. Thereafter the solution was transferred to a beaker and subjected to ultraviolet light for eight hours. Analysis of the solution by vapor phase chromatography showed that essentially all the reactants were converted.

The sulfur was found to be attached to the terminal carbon atom. The adduct had the structure Run 3.In this run 4-hexeue -3-ol was substituted for the terminally unsaturated hexenol of Run 2. Otherwise, the procedure was identical to that described in Run 2. After completion of the irradiation, the mixture was heated to 100 C. at .3 mm. to remove the solvent and unreacted ingredients. It was found by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to consist of a mixture of HIOH and

cmcmorroncmcflom HOH HzCl

Run 4.An equimolar mixture of 2-allyl-2-ethyl-l,3- propanediol and l-rnercapto 3 chloro 2 propanol in 50 ml. isopropanol was subjected to irradiation by the procedure described in Run 2. The reacted mixture was flash distilled at C. and .2 mm. pressure to remove the solvent and small amounts of unreacted ingredients. Its structure was Run 5.-In this run, equimolar quantities of undecenyl alcohol and l-mercapto 3 chloro 2 propanol were irradiated with Co until the total dose was 2.0 megarads. The product obtained was a white waxy solid. It had the structure weight of 308 for the diadduct. The product was a mixture of (131-1: ClCHaCHOHCHzSC=CHCH1OH, oicrnCHoHomsiJ-oHwH and H20 CHCHzOH HOH HzCl

with the latter predominating.

Other representative unsaturated alcohols which react with chloromercaptopropanol are 3,5-dihydroxyl-pentene, 3 hydroxy 1 heptene, 1,4 dihydroxy 2 butyne. The latter can add 1 or 2 moles of the chloromercaptopropanol to form compounds with the structure HOE HOCH2C=CHCH20H and HOCH: CH CH-CHzOH HOH HOH HOH CHzCl H201 HqCl Unsaturated ether alcohols TABLE IV Molar of alcohol Run to CMP/ No. Ether alcohol ratio 7 1-al1yloxy-2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) butane 1:1 8 1,3-bis(allyloxy)-2,di(hydroxyrnethyl) propane 1. 2:1 9 2,2-bis(ally1oxymethyl)-1-butanol 1:2 10 l-allyloxy-Ii-ehloro-2-propanol 1:1 11 l-allyloxy-Z-(a-chloro-Z-hydroxypropoxy)propane.. 1:1 12 1-allyloxy-2,-bis (hydroxymethyl) propane 1:1 13 1,3bis(allyloxy)-2-hydroxymethyl-2-ethyl propane 2:1 14 2-allyloxy ethanol-1 1:1 15 2-vinyloxy ethanol-1 1:1 16 Monoallyl ethers oi po1y(ethylene glycols) having 1:1

about 10 and 12 (CHZCH O) units in the chain. 17 Monoallyl ethers of copolymers of ethylene and pro- 1:1

pylene oxides having molecular weights of about 200 to 1,000. 18 Allylglycidyl ether/propylene oxide copolymer 1.5:1

(double bond equivalent weight about 353) in isopropanol solution.

The yields of adducts in the above examples were generally nearly quantitative.

Example 16 Monoand polyunsaturated ethers and thioethers can be reacted with 1-mercapto-3-halo-2-propanol to form adducts with polyunsaturated ethers, polyadducts or mixtures of monoand polyadducts can be formed. The ethers can be open-chain or cyclic.

Run 1.A citrate bottle containing .22 mole of 1,2- di-(allyloxy) ethane and 0.4 mole of l-mercapto-S-chloro-propanol-Z dissolved in 100 ml. isopropanol was subjected to 3.4 megarads of radiation from a C source. The solution was transferred to a beaker in a cool water bath and stirred. An additional 10.1 parts of the mercapto halopropanol were added and the solution was irradiated for ten hours with an ultraviolet ray lamp. The resulting product was the diadduct of the diallyloxyethane.

Run 2.-A solution of 0.1 mol 1,4-diallyloxy-butene-2 and 0.3 mole of 1-mercapto-3-chloro-propanol-2 in 100 12 ml. isopropanol was subjected to 3.4 megarads of radiation from a C0 source and subsequently exposed to ultraviolet light for 8 hours. Unreacted ingredients were removed by flash distillation. The sulfur content of the reaction product corresponded to a diadduct.

Run 3.When diallyl ether is employed as a reactant the end product obtained can be either a diadduct of the mercapto halopropanol or a mixture of monoadduct, diadduct and a cyclic ether adduct.

Run 4.--To a beaker containing 0.6 mole of l-mercapto-3-chloro-2-propanol which was irradiated with ultraviolet light was added 0.2 mol of diallyl ether dropwise over a period of about 20 minutes. The mixture was irradiated for about 1.3 hours after adding the diallylether. Stirring was continuous during the entire process. The crude product was fiash distilled at and .15 mm. leaving an 88% yield of the diadduct. To obtain good yields of the diadduct, the mercapto-halo-propanol should always be present, preferably in fairly large excess as compared to the diallyl ether.

Run 5.To one mole of diallyl ether, irradiated with ultraviolet light, one mole of 1-mercapto-3-chloro-2-propanol was added dropwise over a period of two hours. The crude product was flash distilled at 80 C. and .15 mm. The distillate consisted of CH =CHCH O CH 3SCH2CH2OHCH2C1 while the distillation residue was mainly diadduct. When dimethallyl ether is substituted for diallyl ether, the cyclic ether formed by this procedure has the structure structure USCHQ-CHIOHCHZCl Run 7.Reaction of one mole of allyl glycidyl ether with 2 moles of chloromercaptopropanol forms essentially 100% of a product with the structure ClCH CI-I'OHCH S (CH OCH CHOHCH SCH CHOHCH CI This reaction was carried out under ultraviolet light irradiation for 3 /2 hours. In another run .05 mole of CH2=CHSCH2GH2OCH2OHCH1 and was reacted with .1 mole of chloromercaptopropanol at autogenous temperature for three days. Analysis showed that 88% of the epoxy groups were reacted and only a trace of unsaturation remained. The compound formed had the structure A typical representative of unsaturated esters which react with mercapto halopropanol is allyl acetate. A mixture of purity allyl acetate and l-mercapto-3-chloro- 2-propano1 in a mole ratio of 1 to 2 was allowed to stand 13 overnight. The mixture was fractionally distilled and a fraction boiling at 126-127 C. and 0.1 mm. pressure was obtained in a 92% yield. This fraction had a refractive index at 25 C. of 1.4995.

When purified allyl acetate as a reactant was substituted for the 85% material and the mixture was irradiated with ultraviolet light for 3 /2 hours, the yield of purified material, obtained as described above, was 82%. This fraction had a refractive index of 1.4988.

Other unsaturated esters which were reacted in a mole ratio of 2 MCP to 1 of ester to form adducts with 1- mercapto-3-chloro-2-propanol are diallyl isophthalate 100% reacted under 3 megarads radiation), diallyl maleate, diallyl adipate, di(4-cyclohexenyl(methyl succinate hours exposure to ultraviolet light, 72% yield of brown liquid), diethylene glycol undecylenate (about 10 hours U.V. radiation. 59.6% yield of brown liquid), triallyl trimesate,

Example 18 In this example, representative compounds having one or more aliphatically unsaturated hydrocarbon groups attached to a nitrogen atom are employed as one reactant with a mercapto halopropanol. In all instances, the reactions were catalyzed by ultraviolet light. Listed below are the compounds reacted with 1-mercapto-3-chloro-2-propanol, the mol ratios of reactants, the reaction period and the yields obtained.

TABLE VI M01 ratio Run MCP/ U.V. Percent N o. Olefin olefin hours yield 1 N ,ELN' ,N -tetraallylterephthaliml e. 2. N,N-diallyl acetamide 3 N,N-diallylformamide 4 N,N-dial1yl 3-buteneoicaeidamide- N,N-diallyl undecylamide. 6- N,N,N,N-tetrallyladipamide 7 N,N-diallyl benzamide 8 N,N-diallyl CON= 9-. N,N-diallyl benzenesulfonamide. 2:1 3 10 N-allyl succinimide 2:1 2% 75 11 N-allyl 1,2-dicarboxy-4-cyclohex- 2:1 7% 8 eneirnide. 12. Triallylcyanurate 4:1 13% 38 1 3.5 megarads from a 00 source. Diadduct. 5 5

N,N-diallylamides and N,N-diallylsulfonamides in addition to forming the expected diadduct may form two monoadducts. In addition to the expected open chain monoadduct, a cyclic monoadduct of the type CHzCH-CHCH:SCH;CHOHCH1C1 N is where Z is 0 ilL- or -SO and A is the remaining residue of the carboxylic or sulfonic acid. In general, the cyclic adduct is formed in pref- 14 erence to the open chain adducts unless a large excess of mercaptan is used.

The double bond in the acid portion of unsaturated amides such as those derived from undecyl amide, 2,2,1- bicyclohept-S-ene-Z-carboxylic amide, or 4-cyclohexenecarboxamide are also reactive.

Unsaturated acetals The tetrallyl acetal of allyl alcohol and 1,3-propane dialdehyde having the structure (CH =CHCH O) CHCH CH OCH CH CH 2 Addition may occur at the double bond of the allyloxy group, or addition can also take place at other sites of unsaturation such as those in acetals of acrolein and 4- cyclohexene aldehyde.

The allyl acetals contain from 2 to 7 C atoms and can contain an olefinic group or two aldehyde groups.

We claim:

1. Compounds of the structure R(SCH;;CHOHCH X) wherein n is l to 4 and R is the residue of an allyl acetal of an aldehyde having 2 to 7 C atoms and X is a chlorine or bromine atom.

2. Compounds of claim 1 in which R is the residue of tetraallyl 1,3-propane dialdehyde and n is 1 to 4.

3. Compounds of claim 1 in which R is the residue of an allyl acetal of a 2-4 C atom saturated or monoolefim'c aldehyde and n is 1 to 3.

4. Compounds of claim 3 in which R is the residue of allyl acetal of acetaldehyde and n is 1 to 2.

5. Compounds of claim 3 in which R is the residue of the allyl acetal of propionaldehyde and n is 1 to 2.

6. Compounds of claim 3 in which R is the residue of the allyl acetal of acrolein and n is 1 to 3.

7. Compounds of claim 3 in which R is the residue of an allyl acetal of methacrolein and n is 1 to 3.

8. Compounds of claim 1 in which R is the residue of an allyl acetal of 4-cyclohexenyl aldehyde and n is 1 to 3.

9. Compounds of claim 1 in which R is the residue of an allyl acetal of benzaldehyde and n is 1 to 2.

OTHER REFERENCES Todsen: J. Chem. Soc., vol. 72 (1950) pp. 4000-4002.

LEWIS GOTTS, Primary Examiner D. R. PHILLIPS, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

204-158; 260-4595, 248 ES, 326 H, 3265, 347.2, 348 R, 481 R, 535 H, 556 AR, 557 B, 558 S, 561 S, 609 F 

